Virus

Viral infection of Sambucus leaves

Description

Several viruses have been found to affect Sambucus spp. For example Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), and some others were identified in Sambucus spp. While these viruses are not highly prevalent in Sambucus spp., they can occasionally infect these trees, possibly even more frequently than some other tree species. Viruses on leaves can manifest in various ways, and their effects may reduce the ornamental value of decorative cultivars and possibly decrease tree growth and yield. Viral infections are generally difficult to manage, and affected trees need to be monitored carefully or removed if the infection is severe (to prevent infection of next trees).

Symptom

Viruses can appear on leaves in different ways, as there can be multiple types of viruses. The most common symptoms are yellow or pale green mosaic patterns on leaves, discoloration of leaves – typically yellowing of the leaf tissue, especially around the veins, distorted growth – abnormal leaf shape or size, curling or rolling of the leaves, stunted tree growth – reduced growth rates in infected trees, and premature leaf drop.

Tree Species: Elderberry

Part of a plant- attacked: Leaf / Needle

Pest significance: Harmful

Pest Category: Bacteria and viruses

Invasive Species: No

Present in EU: Yes

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Virus

Virus diseases of raspberry and blackberry

Description

Virus diseases of raspberry and blackberry are caused by several viruses, including Raspberry leaf mottle virus, Raspberry bushy dwarf virus and Blackberry yellow vein associated virus. They are transmitted mainly by aphids, mites or through infected planting material. Infections are widespread across Europe and occur in both cultivated and wild brambles. The intensity of attack varies, but in severe cases plants may become weakened and fruit yield is significantly reduced. Infected shrubs often lose ornamental value because of chlorotic or mottled leaves and deformations. Viruses persist in perennial shoots or roots, making eradication difficult, and once established, infected plants serve as long-term sources of infection.