Pineus orientalis

Oriental spruce gall adelgid

Description

Pineus orientalis, also known as the oriental spruce gall adelgid, is a monophagous insect primarily associated with spruce trees (Picea spp.) such as Picea orientalis, P. jezoensis, and P. pungens (not on P. abies). It forms galls on terminal shoots, affecting tree growth and aesthetics. This species also uses pine trees (Pinus spp.) like Pinus mugo and P. sylvestris as secondary hosts, where it feeds on previous year’s needles without forming galls.

Native to the Caucasus region, it has expanded its range across parts of Europe. The galls caused by P. orientalis resemble small pineapples but are less compact, as the needles swell at their base and point outward. Severe infestations can reduce tree vitality by disrupting photosynthesis and limiting growth. The aesthetic appearance of host trees is also diminished due to gall formation and needle discoloration.

Symptom

On spruce, terminal galls form with swollen, outward-pointing needles. On pine, feeding damage appears as discoloration and needle deformation on older growth.

Tree Species: Spruce

Part of a plant- attacked: Leaf / Needle

Pest significance: Less harmful

Pest Category: Insects

Invasive Species: Yes

Present in EU: Yes