Phyllocnistis citrella

Citrus leafminer

Description

Phyllocnistis citrella, commonly known as the citrus leafminer (CLM), is a small moth native to Asia but has spread worldwide, including to major citrus-growing regions like Brazil and the United States. CLM larvae feed on the leaves of citrus trees, creating characteristic mines and causing damage to crops. The pest's rapid spread and ability to produce multiple generations in a year pose significant challenges to citrus production. Control measures include cultural practices, pheromone traps, and insecticides, but their effectiveness may be limited due to the pest's protected pupation sites. CLM infestations lead to reduced yields, lower fruit quality, and increased production costs, highlighting the economic impact of this pest. Research into alternative control methods, such as biological agents or genetic resistance, is ongoing to mitigate its threat to global citrus farming. Collaborative efforts are crucial for effective pest management and the sustainability of citrus production worldwide.

The larvae of Phyllocnistis citrella create characteristic serpentine mines within the leaves, where they feed and eventually pupate. Adult citrus leafminers emerge at dawn and are most active during the morning hours, although they may also fly at dusk and during the night. The pest's ability to produce multiple generations in a single year, with reports of up to 10 generations in regions like India and Egypt, underscores its capacity for rapid population growth and widespread damage.

Distributed also in south of Europe in the area where host plants are growing.

Symptom

One of the most recognizable signs of CLM infestation is the presence of serpentine mines on citrus leaves. These mines are created by the larvae as they feed within the leaf tissue, leaving characteristic winding trails. Infested leaves may exhibit curling or distortion, particularly along the edges. This curling occurs when larvae pupate within the leaf, causing it to roll or fold over. In addition to mines and curling, CLM feeding can cause blistering or blister-like damage on the leaf surface. This damage may appear as raised areas or patches of silvery discoloration.

Tree Species: Citrus

Part of a plant- attacked: Leaf / Needle

Pest Category: Insects

Invasive Species: Yes

Present in EU: Yes